Development of Diplomatic Relations between Indonesia and China

The development of diplomatic relations between Indonesia and China has experienced significant dynamics since the beginning of the independence era. Since the signing of a diplomatic agreement in 1950, the two countries have begun to collaborate in various fields. In the early decades, this relationship was based on the spirit of anti-colonialism and support for each other in the global arena. Over time, relations between Indonesia and China began to develop in an economic and trade context. In the 1990s, the two countries signed several cooperation agreements that encouraged bilateral investment and trade. China is one of Indonesia’s largest trading partners, especially in the natural resources sector. In 2005, Indonesia and China agreed on a commitment to increase cooperation in various sectors, including infrastructure, energy and tourism. The close relationship between the two countries was further strengthened after Indonesia expressed its support for the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) launched by China in 2013. This initiative opened up opportunities for Indonesia to attract foreign investment and accelerate infrastructure development, especially strategic transportation and energy projects. The Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed ​​Train Project is a clear example of this collaboration, where China acts as the main investor. Apart from the economic sector, cultural and educational aspects are also the focus of bilateral relations. Student exchanges, scholarship programs and promotion of Chinese culture in Indonesia are increasing. In 2019, the number of Indonesian students studying in China reached thousands, reflecting the high interest in Chinese language and culture. However, this relationship is not free from challenges. The issue of territorial disputes in the South China Sea is often in the spotlight, even though Indonesia tries to maintain its neutral position. The Indonesian government encourages constructive dialogue to resolve this problem, so that regional stability is maintained. In a geopolitical context, cooperation between Indonesia and China can also be seen through multilateral forums such as ASEAN and the G-20. Both countries are committed to strengthening cooperation in fighting global issues such as climate change, health and terrorism. In this forum, Indonesia plays an active role in representing the interests of developing countries, including in discussing policies carried out by China. During the COVID-19 pandemic, diplomatic relations between the two countries experienced a shift. China provided support in the form of procuring the COVID-19 vaccine to Indonesia, which received a positive response. This collaboration in the health sector further strengthens ties between the two, providing a positive impact on public health resilience. Entering 2023, relations between Indonesia and China continue to show a positive trend, despite complex geopolitical challenges. The focus on technological innovation, the environment and the digital economy is in the spotlight. Cooperation in the fields of R&D (Research and Development) and information technology is expected to strengthen bilateral relations in line with current developments. With this dynamic backdrop, in the future, relations between Indonesia and China are expected to continue to develop, in line with the needs and interests of the two countries. Involvement in regional and global issues is important to ensure this relationship not only benefits both parties, but also contributes to stability and peace in the Asia Pacific region.